This is the first time we have investigated these cytokines in the rhabdomyolysis model; however, in a previously published study of the sepsis model, we found higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 in CRAMP-/- septic mice at 8 hours following CLP in comparison with wild-type septic animals 16. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and rhabdomyolysis.