In addition to tumoural PD-L1 expression and TMB which are validated and in clinical use, several other potential biomarkers have/are being evaluated in the setting of advanced cancer treated with ICIs, including tumour-derived STING, ASC and TILs, blood-derived PBMCs, ctDNA, exosomes and cytokines, and finally, the microbiome. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.