MMP2 and neoplasm: We also determined the role of tumor-promoting cytokines and metalloproteinases such as nexin (Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 2 -SERPINE2), MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9, as well as tumor-suppressing factors such as p53, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and chemerin (retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 (RARRES2)), and an apoptosis marker, cleaved caspase 3.