SERPINE1 and neoplasm: The second most highly upregulated transcript in 3-week DDDA tumors (8.2-fold induced relative to standard and control diet tumors and 60.4-fold induced relative to liver) was that encoding serpin E1, also known as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, which, in addition to its canonical role in fibrinolysis, also participates in tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and ECM remodeling (39).