Even in limited-resource settings, the BHGI advocates for the determination of estrogen receptor (ER) status via immunohistochemistry (IHC).21-24 Until recently, access to key cancer diagnostic services including locally available diagnostics to detect the presence of hormone receptors (ER and progesterone receptor [PR]) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2] was not readily available in Uganda. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and cancer.