However, in a follow-up study, we determined that suppression of SAA3 expression in APOE−/− mice lacking SAA1.1 and SAA2.1 had significantly reduced atherosclerosis compared to APOE−/− mice expressing all three SAAs [15], highlighting that SAA1.1, SAA2.1, and SAA3 likely play redundant roles in atherogenesis and that deficiency/suppression of all three acute phase isoforms is necessary to reduce atherosclerosis in mice. This evidence concerns the gene PCSK1N and atherosclerosis.