To determine the relevance of HIF-1α in the role of ILC3 during an inflammatory/infectious condition, we used the C. difficile infection (CDI) model, previously shown to have an important role of ILC3 and IL-22.17,21,24 We infected HIF-1α conditional knockout mice with C. difficile and assessed the impact of HIF-1α on ILC3 function during colitis (Fig. 7a). The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is clostridium difficile infection.