In contrast, MIF expression was significantly reduced in T2DM-DF compared to ND-DF (58.7 ± 12.3 vs 280.4 ± 126.2% GAPDH; P = 0.0016 for effect of diabetes, two-way ANOVA, n = 4), while TNF-α had no modulatory effect in either (P = 0.7303 for effect of TNF-α, two-way ANOVA, n = 4; Fig. 5h). Here, TNF is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.