Although both studies reported reduced autoantibody responses, one study showed exacerbated lupus nephritis and mortality in the absence of STAT4 in NZM2328 SLE-prone mice (35), whereas the other study in SLE1,2,3-triple congenic mice deficient in STAT4 revealed ameliorated lupus nephritis and improved survival (34). Here, STAT4 is linked to lupus nephritis.