TNF and COVID-19: In early 2020, Huang et al. reported already high plasma levels of the chemokines CXCL-8 (IL-8), CXCL-10 (IP-10), CCL-2 (MCP-1), CCL-3 (MIP-1α), and CCL-4 (MIP-1β) and elevated values for several inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, FGF, GCSF, GMCSF, IFN-γ, PDGF, TNF- α, and VEGF) in the very first identified COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls [1].