Few studies have systematically investigated cytokine levels in DKC; however, only G-CSF, Flt3L (Flt3 ligand), and IP-10 can be increased in the sera of DKC patients with severe BMF, while RANTES can be lower than DKC patients with mild to moderate BMF or healthy subjects [127]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and dyskeratosis congenita.