VEGFA and myelodysplastic syndrome: Indeed, low-risk MDS show increased levels of circulating TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGFβ, IL-17, CXCL5, CCL5, CCL11, CD40L, EGF, and VEGF compared with high-risk MDS [26], with decreased levels of circulating IL-10 and CCL4 [61].