To assess whether CD40-CD40L signaling, defective in CLLs [23], could explain the effect B-T cells interactions on miR-181b and miR-130a, we co-cultured CLL cells with either exogenously activated or non-activated CD4+T cells pre-incubated with anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody (mAb) to block CD40-CD40L interactions (Figure S3) or with the isotype control. The gene discussed is CD40; the disease is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.