Early endothelial dysfunction, as well as the activation and recruitment of inflammatory cells (including macrophages and CD4 + T cells) to the skin can lead to the increase of inflammatory cytokines (including CCL2, IL-6 and IFN-I) and pro fibrogenic cytokines (such as interleukin-13 (IL-13) and TGF-β), thus activating tissue injury and wound healing pathways. Here, IL13 is linked to endothelial dysfunction.