Liu et al. found that pretreatment of CIA mice with L. salivarius UCC118 or L. plantarum WCFS1 isolated from RA patients markedly reduced the Th17 cell fraction, increased the Treg fraction, and enhanced the antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory effects; the former even notably increased the serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (Liu et al., 2016). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.