Aggregation/fibrillation of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm of neurons is a pathological hallmark of ~ 97% amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ~ 45% frontotemporal dementia-TDP (FTLD-TDP), that lack any efficacious medicine so far1–3. This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.