As we show in Fig. 2, many of the cytokine genes that exhibited elevated expression in ΔE1B55K Ad-infected cells (such as interferon [IFN], interleukin 12 [IL-12], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and IL-6) (24) also exhibited enhanced expression during infection with ΔE4 Ad. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and infection.