The oncogenic involvement of the 57kt and ALTO proteins are not well understood, but sT, a part from increasing LT expression [100], promotes oncogenesis through cap-dependent translation [101], functionally inhibits p53 [102], and is a main oncogenic driver as it alone can transform rat fibroblasts [101], co-operates with LT to promote growth in human fibroblasts [98], and generates carcinomas in transgenic mice [103]. Here, LTA is linked to carcinoma.