For example, we have previously published that in response to tumor-derived factors elderly-derived peritoneal macrophages from female C57BL/6J mice (aged 24–28 months) and Balb/c mice (18 months) secrete increased levels of TGF-β1 and IL-4 compared to young mice [32, 53]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.