CML stem cells have dysregulated intracellular calcium signalling, uncontrolled pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8 and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB), and overproduction of activator protein 1 (AP-1), which are hallmarks for CML stem cell survival [29,39,40,41]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.