MMP12 and heart failure: From the same study, it was recently reported that 9 proteins (GDF-15, TIM-1, TRAIL-R2, SPON1, MMP-12, follistatin [FS], soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator surface receptor [sU-PAR], OPG, and sST2) were associated with the development of heart failure [25].