Some of these known modifiers are ranked within the top DPMs, including EHF, SFTPA2, and SLC6A14, all previously identified modifiers of lung disease severity in CF (Choi et al, 2006; Tagaram et al, 2007; Wright et al, 2011; Li et al, 2014) (Fig 2A–C). This evidence concerns the gene SLC6A14 and cystic fibrosis.