VEGFA and proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are major causes of blindness and visual impairment in diabetic patients.1 Retinal ischemia and hypoxia results in release of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) due to which there is an increase in the vascular permeability and proliferation of endothelial cells.