TGF-β1 induced SIRT1 expression levels and AMPK phosphorylation levels, as well as MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels, in NSCLC cells, In contrast, Sal treatment suppressed the TGF-β1-induced SIRT1 expression and AMPK phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner (Figure 3B). This evidence concerns the gene MMP9 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.