Representative images of LAT1 immunohistochemistry are illustrated in Fig. 1A. Among the breast cancer patients who received NAC, 129 (90.2%) were immunohistochemically positive for LAT1 (immunohistochemical staining of LAT1was analyzed using the intensity scoring system, 0–3, and an intensity score ≥ 1 was defined as positive (Fig. 1B). The gene discussed is LAT; the disease is breast carcinoma.