DHFR and Plasmodium falciparum malaria: This study assessed the status of circulating dhfr and dhps haplotypes by describing polymorphisms on codons 51, 59, 108 and 164 of dhfr gene and codons 437, 540, 581 and 613 of dhps gene and estimated the prevalence of dhfr + dhps combined mutant haplotypes in 271 parasites obtained from children (< 5 years) children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Nigeria 10 years after treatment policy was changed to ACTs.