BEX3 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Knockdown of BST2 with siRNA leads to cisplatin resistance by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and enhancing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes, such as Bcl-XL and livin.331 The CD271-associated protein, brain-expressed X-linked 3 (BEX3), is accompanied with high octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) expression in cisplatin-resistant NPC, suggesting that targeting BEX3 in combination with cisplatin could have a synergistic effect on NPC.332 In addition, some EBV-driven treatments are forecasted to be effective only when lytic viral replication occurs.