While we also did not find differences in NF-κB-related mRNA levels in bipolar disorder subjects as a function of tobacco use or a diagnosis of substance use disorder at time of death, we similarly cannot exclude the possibility that tobacco use or illicit substance abuse earlier in life may have long-lasting effects on NF-κB-related mRNA levels quantified at the time of death. Here, NFKB1 is linked to bipolar disorder.