IFNG and neoplasm: As mentioned previously, HPV+ve tumors exhibit increased glycolysis and OXPHOS.55 Use of mTOR (regulator of OXPHOS) inhibitor rapamycin along with anti-PD-L1 mAb showed improved survival by increasing IFN-γ production in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells.218 In addition to these studies, several other clinical trials using combinations of ICI and CRT are underway and included in Table 2.