In parallel, Candida administration in BiNx enhanced liver injury (serum alanine transaminase), systemic inflammation (serum cytokines), and the severity of gut leakage (FITC-dextran, endotoxemia, and glucanemia) but not renal function (blood urea nitrogen [BUN] and serum creatinine [SCr]), gut-derived uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol), and bacteremia in comparison with BiNx without Candida (Fig. 10B to M). Here, GPT is linked to serum lipopolysaccharide activity.