E2F1 and cancer: Similarly, miR-331-3p is also involved in different disease conditions, and known for both anti- and pro-oncogenic characteristics in different types of cancers: it promotes pancreatic cancer by targeting ST7L [234], HCC by downregulating E2F1 [235] and ING5 [236], while its’ presence in the serum indicates the invasive status of the HCC [237] as well as recurrence in the case of esophageal adenocarcinoma [238].