CCL2 and Insulin resistance: Then, the expression of numerous target genes producing inflammation mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), toll-like Receptor (TLR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), C-reactive protein (CRP), etc., are increased, which then cause insulin resistance.