ESR1 and breast carcinoma: Earlier Kumari Kanchan et al. [125] reported that the activation of a key oncogenic signaling cascade via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling complex-2 (mTORC2) owing to estrogen receptor (ER-α)-dependent augmentation of O2•− within the mitochondria of 17-β-estradiol (E2)-stimulated breast cancer cells.