Indeed, treatment of a JMJD2D inhibitor 5-c-8HQ suppressed the expression of EpCAM, Sox9, c-Myc, Hes1, and Gli2, as well as LCSC tumorsphere formation ability and LCSC orthotopic tumor growth in vivo, indicating that 5-c-8HQ treatment can simultaneously inhibit Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog signaling pathways to inhibit the self-renewal and tumorigenesis of LCSCs. Here, EPCAM is linked to neoplasm.