The High-dose Erythropoietin for Asphyxia and Encephalopathy (HEAL) trial was a multisite randomized clinical trial (RCT) assessing erythropoietin as a neuroprotectant for infants with moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy.17 Infants eligible for HEAL had an estimated gestational age greater than 36 weeks with moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. This evidence concerns the gene EPO and neonatal encephalopathy.