Two out of three studies that examined BMI-stratified associations of adiponectin with advanced stage or fatal prostate cancer found an inverse association in overweight men only (OR of advanced stage per log adiponectin unit in those with a BMI < 25: 1.48 (95%CI 0.77–2.82) and those with a BMI ≥ 25: 0.62 (0.42–0.90), p interaction: 0.00617; HR highest quintile of adiponectin compared to lowest quintile in those with BMI < 25: 0.86 (95%CI 0.31–2.38) and in those with BMI ≥ 25: 0.10 (95%CI 0.01–0.78), p for interaction 0.0861. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is prostate cancer.