SP1 and lung cancer: For example, Hsu et al. found that SP1 expression was potently increased in early stage of lung cancer but declined in late stage, and the overexpression of SP1 in highly invasive lung cancer cells led to the upregulation of E-cadherin that suppressed the metastasis25; Yu and her colleagues reported that SP1 promoted the expression of FoxO3a after binding to its promoter region and thus enhanced the tumor progression of colorectal cancer26; Chuntao Tsai et al. found that SP1 suppressed the metastasis of chondrosarcoma via upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-327.