Also the altered CAR-T cell: tumor cell ratio led to the dysfunction of CXCR5 CAR as well as CD19 CAR-T cells from the third round of stimulation on (Supplementary Fig. 12a) accompanied by enhanced PD-1 expression on CD8+ and CD4+ CAR-T cells (Supplementary Fig. 12b). Here, CXCR5 is linked to neoplasm.