CD4 and neoplasm: We found that tumours with high immune-ITH were significantly enriched with immunosuppressive/exhausted GB-inactive memory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cell (Treg), as well as Tim-3+ and PD-1+GB− exhausted CD8+ T cells, conversely, tumours with low immune-ITH were enriched with activated/cytotoxic immune subsets, such as GB+CD45RO+ activated memory CD4+ T cells, CD69+/− natural killer (NK) cells and Tim-3− or PD-1−GB+ activated CD8+ T cells (Fig. 3a).