Although the role of CD276 in antitumor immunity has been controversial with conflicting co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory functions, CD276 may exert a protumor effect on tumor progression in NPC based on the results that the expression of CD276 is much higher in tumor samples than normal samples and is associated with the compromised immune microenvironment. This evidence concerns the gene CD276 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.