Moreover, to investigate the apoptotic effects of fucoidan in NSCLC cells, A549 and H1650 cells were exposed to various concentrations of fucoidan for up to 48 h, and fucoidan-induced A549 and H1650 cell death was confirmed by annexin V-PE/7-AAD staining by flow cytometry (Fig. 4a). Here, ANXA5 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.