In view of the multiple biologic activities by which IFN-I can inhibit tumor growth, including induction of T cell immunity, it is not surprising that the clinical use of these cytokines (especially IFN-α) met a major success in patients with solid tumors expressing tumor associated antigens like melanoma and renal cancer, where the importance of an antitumor T cell response is currently envisaged. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is renal carcinoma.