Based on the evaluation of the distances between distinct immune cell subsets and between immune cells and CD34+ HSPC/blasts four distinct categories were defined as schematically demonstrated in Figure 1A. The spatial evaluation of the MSI data showed a heterogeneous histotopography of the immune cell infiltrate, in particular when comparing the control BMB and the MDS/sAML BMB, as representatively shown for two different specimens of control and MDS samples in Figure 1B–E. Here, CD34 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.