TGFB1 and Stroke: In the stroke model, astrocytes significantly increased the capillary tube-like formation of BMECs via Ang1/Tie2 and Flk1 expression [35], and astrocyte-derived TGFβ1 reduced tPA and TM transcription in the co-cultured BMECs, which promoted the angiogenesis and vascular stabilization after stroke [36].