In accordance with these findings, it has been noted that patients suffering from leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1 (LAD1), a hereditary disease characterized by a mutation-dependent loss of CD18 expression—suffered from reoccurring severe infections (attributed to a loss of PMN functions) and renal or intestinal autoimmune disease [222]. Here, ITGB2 is linked to leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1.