Some of them are: (i) the ovarian dysfunction, characterized by irregular or no ovulation (oligo- or amenorrhea), the increased secretion of androgens (hyperandrogenism, HA) and estrogens, the endometrial hyperplasia and the increased size of the ovaries, (ii) the pancreatic dysfunction leading to insulin hypersecretion and, as a result, to insulin resistance (IR) development, (iii) the adrenal dysfunction, which leads to hyperproduction of androgens, and (iv) the functional changes in the hypothalamic and pituitary links of the female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis [82,83,84,85]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.