MDM4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: However, microarray expression profiling data from 37 human HCCs revealed no significant difference in MDM4 mRNA levels between HCCs with balanced (n = 13) or gained (n = 24) MDM4 gene locus, respectively (balanced: 2.3 ± 0.4 vs. gained: 3.7 ± 0.4, p > 0.05; Figure 1A), suggesting that aberrant transcriptional activation may contribute to MDM4 overexpression in HCC.