NR3C2 and atrial fibrillation: Upstream therapy aims to counter and/or delay structural atrial remodelling, such as fibrosis, hypertrophy, inflammation, oxidative stress, but effects on atrialion channels, gap junctions, and calcium handling are also evident.[21] As the research on upstream therapy of AF constantly goes deeper, the main research focuses on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor block (ARB), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRAS) and statins.[22]