Among these candidate neoantigen genes, NEB, DNAH2, ABCA12, CENPF, and CELSR1 were newly identified as COAD biomarkers, while DNAH5, COL7A1, COL27A1, RP1L1, and ROBO2 had mutational profiles specific to COAD, compared to other solid tumors. Here, RP1L1 is linked to colon adenocarcinoma.