NEFL and Alzheimer disease: Although plasma p-tau181 and NfL were positively associated (eFigure 10 in Supplement 1), both plasma biomarkers were independently associated with progressive AD-typical neurodegeneration with comparable effect sizes (eFigure 11 in Supplement 1); however, for atrophy progression in the CImp group, plasma p-tau181 had a statistically significantly stronger association than plasma NfL (βp-tau181 – βNfL = –0.13; 95% CI, –0.27 to 0.00).