Previous efforts to predict the clinical response to ICI therapy yielded various biomarkers, including tumor mutational burden (TMB) and PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue for NSCLC.14 15 The predictive performance of these biomarkers may be sufficient in some studies,16 17 yet are complicated by both the availability of tissue and intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.